As people get older their memory naturally declines and they may forget little things such as not immediately remembering which day of the week it is, occasionally forgetting which word to use or losing things from time to time. You may have started to notice such changes in someone you know and are concerned that something isn’t quite right, but you aren’t sure what or how serious things are.

You are not alone. Recognising Alzheimer’s disease is often difficult, particularly in the early stages. Becoming forgetful does not necessarily indicate Alzheimer’s disease, as memory loss can be an effect of ageing. Yet, there are key differences between early Alzheimer’s disease symptoms and normal ageing.

People with Alzheimer’s disease may know something isn’t quite right, but they may not know what. Some people with Alzheimer’s disease may hide their deficiencies by following established routines at home or avoiding activities that have become difficult for them.

It is important to recognise the early signs of potential Alzheimer’s disease and take action as soon as possible. Alzheimer’s disease is typically classified as mild, moderate or severe, with symptoms becoming worse over time. It is most commonly diagnosed when it is more advanced and many people start discussing their concerns with doctors when the person close to them is already experiencing moderate symptoms. Yet, if Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed early enough, there are things that can be done to help people prepare for the future by managing the disease early on.

Although during normal ageing, people tend to forget things, they are nevertheless aware of this. They remain independent, yet keep in contact with friends and family. They are proficient at using household appliances and do not get lost in familiar surroundings. Alzheimer’s disease, however, has specific symptoms that can cause particular problems, not least because people may not be aware they are affected.

People in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease may experience lapses of memory and have problems finding the right words. They may become confused and frequently forget the names of people, places, appointments and recent events. They may feel scared and frustrated by their increasing memory loss. As the disease progresses, people with Alzheimer’s disease will need more support from those who care for them. Eventually, they will need help with all their daily activities.

The table below describes what a person possibly affected by Alzheimer’s disease is experiencing.

This table is based on information from the Alzheimer’s Association

Many other medical problems cause symptoms similar to Alzheimer’s disease. That’s why it’s so important to consult a doctor if you’ve noticed memory lapses or uncharacteristic mood swings in yourself or in someone close to you.